Vortex formation

http://hebergement.u-psud.fr/joovon/teaching/old/2012-2013/M2Nanomagn_Lecture6.pdf Vortex formation and dynamics of defects in active nematic shells https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/aa89aa The helicity and vorticity of liquid-crystal flows https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspa.2010.0309 Static and dynamic behavior of the vortex– electrohydrodynamic instability in freely suspended layers of nematic liquid crystals https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.445600?class=pdf circular flow triggered by laser https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/sm/c5sm02098k#!divAbstract